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"year": 2008, "km2": 201090 }, { "year": 2009, "km2": 201020 }, { "year": 2010, "km2": 200950 }, { "year": 2011, "km2": 200880 }, { "year": 2012, "km2": 200810 }, { "year": 2013, "km2": 200740 }, { "year": 2014, "km2": 200670 }, { "year": 2015, "km2": 200600 }, { "year": 2016, "km2": 201155.1 }, { "year": 2017, "km2": 201710.2 }, { "year": 2018, "km2": 202265.4 }, { "year": 2019, "km2": 202820.5 }, { "year": 2020, "km2": 203375.6 }, { "year": 2021, "km2": 201995.4 }, { "year": 2022, "km2": 200615.3 }, { "year": 2023, "km2": 199235.1 } ], "forest_emissions_t_yr": 71656977.07342361, "forest_removals_t_yr": 92906556.31453237, "forest_net_t_yr": -21249579.37836199, "tree_cover_loss_ha": 2802708.306023465, "tree_cover_extent_2000_ha": 19953901.295740377, "carbon_stock_t_c": 3849095656.9016185, "carbon_pools_t_c": { "aboveground_c_mg": 2060674934.8523386, "belowground_c_mg": 543920867.2994825, "deadwood_c_mg": 63156581.147469826, "litter_c_mg": 18072860.734358214, "soil_c_mg": 1163270412.867968 }, "emissions_co2_only_t_yr": 71493359.72612438, "emissions_non_co2_t_yr": 163617.3472992258, "mangrove_stock_t_c": 89816433.2342481, "mangrove_removals_t_yr": 5408111.651532323, "mangrove_emissions_t_yr": 266570.4792229646, "peat_stock_t_c": 99747171.7289506, "fra_url": "https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2025/THA/home/", "research_chapter": "sea-tha", "project_method": "Thailand T-VER workbench only", "registry": "No regional registry transaction or issuance integration" }, { "iso3": "TLS", "name": { "en": "Timor-Leste", "th": "ติมอร์-เลสเต" }, "forest_km2": 10560.3, "forest_pct": 71.0174848688635, "co2_mt": 0.6644, "forest_history": [ { "year": 2000, "km2": 10865.7 }, { "year": 2001, "km2": 10851.7 }, { "year": 2002, "km2": 10837.7 }, { "year": 2003, "km2": 10823.7 }, { "year": 2004, "km2": 10809.7 }, { "year": 2005, "km2": 10795.7 }, { "year": 2006, "km2": 10781.7 }, { "year": 2007, "km2": 10767.7 }, { "year": 2008, "km2": 10753.7 }, { "year": 2009, "km2": 10739.7 }, { "year": 2010, "km2": 10725.7 }, { "year": 2011, "km2": 10711.7 }, { "year": 2012, "km2": 10697.7 }, { "year": 2013, "km2": 10683.7 }, { "year": 2014, "km2": 10669.7 }, { "year": 2015, "km2": 10655.7 }, { "year": 2016, "km2": 10641.7 }, { "year": 2017, "km2": 10627.7 }, { "year": 2018, "km2": 10613.7 }, { "year": 2019, "km2": 10599.7 }, { "year": 2020, "km2": 10585.7 }, { "year": 2021, "km2": 10577.2 }, { "year": 2022, "km2": 10568.7 }, { "year": 2023, "km2": 10560.3 } ], "forest_emissions_t_yr": 778493.5727627527, "forest_removals_t_yr": 3113205.0873719286, "forest_net_t_yr": -2334711.5139234336, "tree_cover_loss_ha": 34679.96977673101, "tree_cover_extent_2000_ha": 726234.9038725554, "carbon_stock_t_c": 136376660.6843924, "carbon_pools_t_c": { "aboveground_c_mg": 67999440.2818566, "belowground_c_mg": 20186722.691548895, "deadwood_c_mg": 3264130.1769254287, "litter_c_mg": 544773.2642061993, "soil_c_mg": 44381594.26985547 }, "emissions_co2_only_t_yr": 773197.2458094493, "emissions_non_co2_t_yr": 5296.326953303275, "mangrove_stock_t_c": 75629.85576722221, "mangrove_removals_t_yr": 818.540976420009, "mangrove_emissions_t_yr": 206.16714596555113, "peat_stock_t_c": 388984.6838417785, "fra_url": "https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2025/TLS/home/", "research_chapter": "sea-tls", "project_method": "No country project methodology implemented", "registry": "No regional registry transaction or issuance integration" }, { "iso3": "VNM", "name": { "en": "Viet Nam", "th": "เวียดนาม" }, "forest_km2": 147449.4, "forest_pct": 47.0439557284106, "co2_mt": 390.7253, "forest_history": [ { "year": 2000, "km2": 117841 }, { "year": 2001, "km2": 119445 }, { "year": 2002, "km2": 121048.9 }, { "year": 2003, "km2": 122652.9 }, { "year": 2004, "km2": 124256.8 }, { "year": 2005, "km2": 125860.8 }, { "year": 2006, "km2": 127464.8 }, { "year": 2007, "km2": 129068.7 }, { "year": 2008, "km2": 130672.7 }, { "year": 2009, "km2": 132276.6 }, { "year": 2010, "km2": 133880.6 }, { "year": 2011, "km2": 135228.2 }, { "year": 2012, "km2": 136575.8 }, { "year": 2013, "km2": 137923.4 }, { "year": 2014, "km2": 139271 }, { "year": 2015, "km2": 140618.6 }, { "year": 2016, "km2": 141849.3 }, { "year": 2017, "km2": 143080 }, { "year": 2018, "km2": 144310.8 }, { "year": 2019, "km2": 145541.5 }, { "year": 2020, "km2": 146772.2 }, { "year": 2021, "km2": 146997.9 }, { "year": 2022, "km2": 147223.6 }, { "year": 2023, "km2": 147449.4 } ], "forest_emissions_t_yr": 110912381.43551867, "forest_removals_t_yr": 115273804.03079562, "forest_net_t_yr": -4361422.776100245, "tree_cover_loss_ha": 3802827.846611301, "tree_cover_extent_2000_ha": 16534691.88997902, "carbon_stock_t_c": 3178842337.1407332, "carbon_pools_t_c": { "aboveground_c_mg": 1637375684.7756991, "belowground_c_mg": 420750720.17484623, "deadwood_c_mg": 75224580.16065677, "litter_c_mg": 13051335.351048227, "soil_c_mg": 1032440016.678483 }, "emissions_co2_only_t_yr": 110696822.48422688, "emissions_non_co2_t_yr": 215558.9512917871, "mangrove_stock_t_c": 29098862.614901613, "mangrove_removals_t_yr": 3862544.294674397, "mangrove_emissions_t_yr": 286170.80783803936, "peat_stock_t_c": 49275875.577061996, "fra_url": "https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2025/VNM/home/", "research_chapter": "sea-vnm", "project_method": "No country project methodology implemented", "registry": "No regional registry transaction or issuance integration" } ], "totals": { "forest_km2": { "value": 2060171.9000000001, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "co2_mt": { "value": 2025.523, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "forest_emissions_t_yr": { "value": 1730792627.5561235, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "forest_removals_t_yr": { "value": 1206598237.5033135, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "forest_net_t_yr": { "value": 524194387.7806343, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "tree_cover_loss_ha": { "value": 64887382.484454185, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "tree_cover_extent_2000_ha": { "value": 317190978.4829982, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "carbon_stock_t_c": { "value": 70610916597.94655, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 }, "mangrove_stock_t_c": { "value": null, "coveredCountries": 10, "expectedCountries": 11, "partialSum": 1947103490.5333185 }, "peat_stock_t_c": { "value": 6499243341.218793, "coveredCountries": 11, "expectedCountries": 11 } }, "checks": { "gfwIndependent": "Independent ADM0 endpoint unavailable (404); only source-internal net and Thai ledger checks performed", "thaiLedger": "Thai GFW emissions/removals agree with deployed province ledger; no ledger rewrite", "mangroveCoverage": "Mangrove biomass extent present for 10 of 11 countries (BRN,IDN,KHM,MMR,MYS,PHL,SGP,THA,TLS,VNM); absent for LAO. The missing country is not zero mangrove", "peatCoverage": "Peatland carbon present for 11 of 11 countries (BRN,IDN,KHM,LAO,MMR,MYS,PHL,SGP,THA,TLS,VNM); absent for none", "carbonPools": "For every country, aboveground + belowground + deadwood + litter + soil carbon equals the published total carbon stock (exact source-internal identity)", "gasSplit": "For every country, CO2-only + non-CO2 (CH4 and N2O) gross forest emissions equal the published total gross emissions", "slices": "Tree-cover loss, carbon stock and gas split use is__flux_model_extent; mangrove uses is__mangrove_biomass_extent; peat uses is__gfw_peatlands. The table is a ~72,000-row-per-country cross-product, so every aggregate is slice-filtered and never summed unfiltered" }, "receipts": { "AG.LND.FRST.K2.json": { "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/BRN;KHM;IDN;LAO;MYS;MMR;PHL;SGP;THA;TLS;VNM/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.K2?format=json&date=2000:2023&per_page=1000", "sha256": "fd389e88c307dc1516f31697519435dcef577bfce763e179817e54b068e5169c", "bytes": 53728, "retrievedAt": "2026-10-20T12:07:13.942358+00:00" }, "AG.LND.FRST.ZS.json": { "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/BRN;KHM;IDN;LAO;MYS;MMR;PHL;SGP;THA;TLS;VNM/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?format=json&date=2000:2023&per_page=1000", "sha256": "90f5513520dd0423e6ed87ba428e30617e98c349180a02eb79a0209b6c63e6e6", "bytes": 58246, "retrievedAt": "2026-10-20T12:07:41.710833+00:00" }, "EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5.json": { "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/BRN;KHM;IDN;LAO;MYS;MMR;PHL;SGP;THA;TLS;VNM/indicator/EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5?format=json&date=2000:2023&per_page=1000", "sha256": 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"gfw-peat.csv": { "url": "https://data-api.globalforestwatch.org/dataset/carbonflux_adm1_summary/v20260327/download/csv?sql=select%20iso%2C%20sum%28%22gfw_total_carbon_stock_2000__Mg%22%29%20as%20total_c_mg%20from%20data%20where%20umd_tree_cover_density_2000__threshold%3D30%20and%20is__gfw_peatlands%20%3D%20true%20and%20iso%20in%20%28%27BRN%27%2C%27IDN%27%2C%27KHM%27%2C%27LAO%27%2C%27MMR%27%2C%27MYS%27%2C%27PHL%27%2C%27SGP%27%2C%27THA%27%2C%27TLS%27%2C%27VNM%27%29%20group%20by%20iso%20order%20by%20iso", "sha256": "bdaf097775eb78594964aeca35dc0a65c3248cb1417384a772e7cd347f05d8e9", "bytes": 384, "retrievedAt": "2026-10-20T12:12:57.245761+00:00" }, "natural-earth.json": { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_50m_admin_0_countries.geojson", "sha256": "3e458fc036ad0a66411f2c1e6cac49c5d7bfb81cb1123bc513b22511a2b7fdeb", "bytes": 3083490, "retrievedAt": "2026-10-20T12:10:47.080466+00:00" } }, "limitations": [ "Country statistics are not parcel measurements or corporate footprints.", "Forest-area differences are not carbon-credit quantities.", "Never subtract GFW forest flux from WDI CO2 as a synthesized national net.", "Tree cover loss is cumulative 2001–2025 and is not a rate; it is not comparable with a single-year flux figure.", "Carbon stock is a 2000 reference-year standing quantity, not a measured current value.", "Mangrove and peatland carbon are reported separately and must not be added to forest carbon: mangrove uses its own extent flag and is mapped for 10 of 11 countries, peat for 11 of 11. Where a layer is incomplete its regional total is withheld and the partial sum is kept under totals.partialSum, never as a regional value.", "No regional biomass-stock raster or parcel model is ingested.", "No country credit entitlement, authorization, retirement or issued-credit amount is inferred." ] }